Ers that employ proteomics techniques. We will specifically focus on our understanding of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic spinal cord injury and neuromyelitis optica. Discussions will include ongoing worldwide research in these areas, research in India and specifically our laboratory in these domains of neurodegenerative conditions. Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Proteomics, Alzheimer's disease, Spinal cord injury, Neuromyelitis optica Background The most polarized cells of the human body, neurons, are a specialized type with respect to their functional properties. Development and function of neurons are closely linked to the bidirectional transport of molecules from the synaptic end to the cell body. This very synaptic signal, which when disrupted, causes the dysfunction of neuronal activities. Disruption in axonal transport is the cause of several neurodegenerative disorders [1, 2]. In the realm of peripheral neuron injury, retrograde transport of molecules from the site of injury to the cell body of a peripheral neuron primes the latter to regenerate [3, 4]. This phenomenon is absent in the central nervous system (CNS), with the consequence of regeneration after CNS injury being elusive even with years of research. Partly because of the large distance separating the axon end from the cell body, many molecular events after a trauma or a neuronal disease occur without any transcriptional manifestations [5]. Local proteolysis, protein synthesis*Correspondence: debashis.mukhopadhyay@saha.ac.in Mohor Biplab Sengupta and Arunabha Chakrabarti contributed equally to this work Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, Indiaand post translational modifications are the key to understanding axonal events after an assault or a disorder of the neuron [5]. Proteomics approaches have therefore come to the limelight in recent times. In this review, we will discuss the contributions of our group from this perspective and also the prospective ideas in three neurological degenerative situations, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and explore the advances in understanding these pathological processes using proteomics approaches.Ethics statementThe data provided in the review was collected by a joint collaborative study of SINP and NRSMC H, Kolkata, India, after it was approved by Institutional Ethical Nelfinavir (Mesylate) Committees. An informed written consent was obtained from the subjects as per Helsinki Declaration, 2013.Clinical proteomics in AD During the past few years Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics tools have been used extensively to study ADrelated proteome changes in blood (plasma and serum), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and in postmortem?2016 Sengupta et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17139194 were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Sengupta et al. Clin Proteom (2016) 13:Page 2 ofbrain tissues [6]. Since the patholog.